Research note · Census County Business Patterns 2023

Payroll per employee differs sharply across U.S. industries

Among 73 reportable 3-digit NAICS industries with at least 10,000 employees, average annual payroll per employee ranges from $24,695/yr to $260,466/yr.

$260,466/yr
Highest observed benchmark
$66,808/yr
Middle benchmark
$24,695/yr
Lowest observed benchmark

The finding

Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities has the highest reported average annual payroll per employee in this comparison at $260,466/yr, while Food Services and Drinking Places is lowest at $24,695/yr. That is a $235,771/yr difference, or about 10.5 times the lower benchmark; it describes industry-level payroll, not an individual worker's pay.

73
Industries compared
$260,466/yr
Highest: Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities
$66,808/yr
Middle industry benchmark
$24,695/yr
Lowest: Food Services and Drinking Places

Average payroll per employee equals reported annual payroll divided by reported employment. It is a cross-industry benchmark, not a wage offer, salary survey, or cost-of-living adjustment.

What this comparison measures

This note compares Census County Business Patterns 2023 payroll and employment totals for 3-digit NAICS industries. PlainBizBench divides each industry's reported annual payroll by its reported employment, then limits the comparison to industries with at least 10,000 employees. That threshold avoids turning very small or suppressed records into a broad national claim.

The result is useful for asking how an industry's payroll benchmark compares with other industries. It cannot tell a reader what a specific job, company, state, or worker earns. Industry mix, occupation, hours, geography, benefits, and the Census program's coverage all affect actual compensation.

The highest reported payroll benchmarks

Top 10 industries by average payroll per employee

Annual payroll divided by employment · Census County Business Patterns 2023 · industries with at least 10,000 employees.

Securities & commodities$260,466Oil & gas extraction$192,366Publishing (not internet)$177,093Data processing & hosting$147,665Management companies$128,997Utilities$127,240Performing arts & sports$112,036Water transportation$108,243Professional services$107,141Computer & electronics mfg.$105,268
Highest average payroll per employee benchmarks by industry
Industry Avg payroll / employee
Securities, Commodity Contracts, and Other Financial Investments and Related Activities

NAICS 523

$260,466/yr
Oil and Gas Extraction

NAICS 211

$192,366/yr
Publishing Industries (except Internet)

NAICS 511

$177,093/yr
Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services

NAICS 518

$147,665/yr
Management of Companies and Enterprises

NAICS 551

$128,997/yr
Utilities

NAICS 221

$127,240/yr
Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, and Related Industries

NAICS 711

$112,036/yr
Water Transportation

NAICS 483

$108,243/yr
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services

NAICS 541

$107,141/yr
Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing

NAICS 334

$105,268/yr

How to use the result without over-reading it

The comparison is most useful as a starting point for a business or labor-market question. A high industry benchmark can reflect a different mix of occupations, locations, capital requirements, or firm sizes; it does not establish that every employer or employee in that industry is paid at that level. For a specific industry, open its benchmark page to review its employment, revenue, profit-margin, and source context together.

The lower end of the table is not a quality ranking. It only identifies the lower reported payroll-per-employee figures among the included industry aggregates. Readers should not use it to infer effort, skill, business value, or an individual's likely pay.

Method and source

PlainBizBench queries the live portal database at request time. The database's Census County Business Patterns 2023 records supply annual payroll and employment totals; average payroll per employee is their quotient. The query includes NAICS level 3 industries with non-null payroll-per-employee values and at least 10,000 reported employees, sorted by the calculated benchmark. You can inspect the underlying industry rows in the payroll rankings and read the portal's methodology and data limitations.

Every figure on PlainBizBench is rendered directly from federal source data, no number is typed in by an editor. This research note queries Census County Business Patterns 2023 payroll and employment data from the live portal database. The comparison is restricted to 3-digit industries with at least 10,000 employees. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error.

Disclaimer: Public IRS/Census data, not financial or tax advice. See our full disclaimer.